BWC1e: Pieper→Baier-Walther cross-reference (#1), updated

      This continues from Part BWC1d in a series (Table of Contents in Part BWC1) presenting Walther's edition of Baier's Compendium of Positive Theology. — The following cross-reference was presented in 2017 before all the updates became available where one could link directly to English translations of the sources. Now all links have been updated to their English sources and have been compiled in the following tables. This allows fast access for rigorous study of various topics as covered by Pieper and Walther (and Baier). — Rather than a scrollable embedded window, I am presenting the table in the blog itself so that it may be archived as a unit. What follows is the listing for Volume 1 with over 300 links (pink shaded links will be updated when the translation of Volume 3 of Baier-Walther is completed):

Christliche Dogmatik v:ppp:xxxxx	Christian Dogmatics ppp;nnnn	Baier- Walther Compendium	Notes
1:006n12	8n8	1:014	Calov’s detailed account of various derivations of the Latin religio
1:044n164	42	1:002	Baier: Theology  – Greek word composite of God and Word.
1:051n181	47	1:069	Baier: Theology is a supernatural aptitude
1:056n202	52n80	1:043, 076	Pfeiffer: no doctrine outside of those based on Scripture
1:064n225	58n87	1:005	true nature of theology, is based on Scripture
1:091n319	81	3:245 f.	Dogmaticians call doctrine of justification the fundamental article.
1:095n346	85	1:061 note e [sic?]	"fundamental doctrines" did not originate with the Church
1:099n361	88n122	1:062	not every false doctrine which by its nature is destructive of the foundation of faith … "felicitous inconsistency" (“glückliche Inkonsequenz”)
1:103n376	92	1:065	Baier: errors on non-fundamental articles  – be “on our guard lest by embracing and teaching error we rashly sin”
1:106n387	94n135	1:067 nota c	Open question: Is the soul of each individual created by God immediately (creationism) or mediately through the parents (traducianism)?
1:107n390	95n137	1:067  1767 ed.: p 52	Open questions: “... the many questions which Scripture leaves unanswered”
1:117n422	104	1:040	The subject of the operation of theology is homo peccator (the sinner) in so far as he is to be led to eternal salvation
1:158n545	138n190	1:076	Does theology constitute a system?
1:173n570	150n200	1:076	Baier prefers “analytic method” over synthetic” method of theology
1:173n572	150n201	1:029	Analytical method, however, proceeds from effect to cause or seeks to derive the whole from a particular part
1:175n583	151n204	—	Baier is infected with the synergistic bias of his father-in-law Musaeus.  The edition of Walther, St. Louis, 1879, is not a mere reprint of Baier's compend, but by the addition of quotations has been expanded to three volumes - - - - - - -  In the cited quotations, not only Luther and the old theologians, but also the modern theologians of the 19th century, are abundantly cited, so that students are offered a source material which enables them to judge both the old and modern theology.  Prof. Th. Bünger has supplied a index of subject and names on this edition of Walther’s, which has been worked with great diligence and great expertise.
1:176	152	—	Baier discusses the last things: death, resurrection, the Judgment, and the destruction of the world immediately in connection with salvation
1:176n585	152n205	1:077	The all-important point is that the theologian observe the principle of divine revelation, not the “faith” of the theologian (Objective!)

The balance for Volume 1 is available after the jump break (Volumes 2 and 3 will come later, see below):

BWC2h: Actual sins, crying sins; full download v. 2

      This continues from Part BWC2g in a series (Table of Contents in Part BWC1) presenting Walther's edition of Baier's Compendium of Positive Theology. —  From pages 308–330.

Notable Quotes: (Italics follow the original. All quotes not from Baier are from Walther's additions.)

Actual Sins:

309: Gerhard: "but when they cover their neighbor's nakedness, help them, etc., these acts in themselves and by their nature are not sins, but they become sins because of something else: because the person is not yet reconciled to God… they are not directed toward the glory of God."

311: Luther: "For this is the tendency of our nature: in sudden terrors and dangers, it turns away from the true God, because it believes He is angry, ……For God is not cruel, but is the Father of consolation"

312: "men of their own accord consent to the deceiver"

315: Luther: "But that some weak people [restricting what is free] also get angry about this is not our fault, but the fault of the tyrants who prevent the Gospel from reaching them and teaching the weak"

320-321: Hollaz: "A sin against conscience is fourfold…against a right conscience,…against an erring conscience,…against a probable conscience,…against a doubtful conscience,…the matter [of doubtful] must always be settled either by his own prudence or by the counsel of wiser others"

323: Balduin: "actual sin, of the kind that usually accompanies original sin,…should not be denied to be present in infants, even though they are unaware of it."

323: Quenstedt: "Antithesis: 1. Of the Papists, as Bellarmine and others, who deny to infants all actual sin, even that of omission."

323: Actual sins "directed at the person of the sinner himself.…For example, fornication (through which a person is said to sin against his own body, 1 Cor. 6:18… drunkenness…suicide (in which one is injurious and violent to one's own life itself)"

325: The Papist's "remedies prescribed for them [venial (lesser) sins], however, are the formation of the cross, the beating of the breast, the sprinkling of holy water, the episcopal or even priestly and monastic blessing, the use of the Eucharist, the Lord's Prayer, and whatever other prayers there may be"

325-327: "crying [sins], or those which, even when men are silent, are wont to move God to public vengeance …Such are principally four that are numbered: homicide, Gen. 4:10; sodomy, or a lust most alien to human nature, Gen. 18:20; the oppression of the innocent, e.g., of subjects by tyrants, Ecclus. 3:7…"

328: Huelsemann: "The sin against the Holy Spirit is committed by enlightened men, who are convinced of the truth of the faith and of the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit."

  The following is my translated version utilizing DeepL, Claude, Gemini, ChatGPT, and Grok. Highlighting and red text are mine. Italics follow the original. Hyperlinks added to each page which follow the original publication:

Download the above here, non-highlighted version here,  PDF here, original languages here.

In the next Part BWC3a we begin presenting Volume III. 

BWC2g: Last Judgment; Sin in General; Original Sin

      This continues from Part BWC2f in a series (Table of Contents in Part BWC1) presenting Walther's edition of Baier's Compendium of Positive Theology. —  From pages 250–308.

Notable Quotes: (Italics follow the original. All quotes not from Baier are from Walther's additions.)

Last Judgment and Consummation of the Age:

251: Quenstedt: "Antithesis: 1. Of the Epicureans and mockers, who, upon hearing that Christ would return for judgment, with the Athenians and Stoic philosophers, scoff, Acts 17:32"

251: "there are no lack of signs by which God shows that judgment is drawing near in a certain way"

253: Gerhard: "Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, traced its [millennialism/chiliasm] origin back to the apostolic traditions,…it is by no means probable that the apostles would have handed down some things by word of mouth while committing others to writing."

254: Hollaz: Against millennialism: "…kingdom of Christ at the end of the world, because of the most corrupt morals of the wicked and the most bitter afflictions of the righteous, will be the most turbulent and the most sorrowful." [Today's world: "Corrupt morals" √,  "bitter afflictions of the righteous" √]

Antichrist:

257: "the adversary of Christ (the Antichrist) will be seated in the temple of God, that is, the Christian Church, as its head or monarch, after he has, by the power of Satan, with signs and lying wonders, deceived a great number of people and established his kingdom, so that for some time and by many, the nature or identity of the Antichrist will not be recognized; yet in its own time he will be revealed and acknowledged as the Antichrist. [by Martin Luther] However, even then the day of the Lord will not come immediately; rather, the Antichrist himself, now revealed, will continue on, until he is abolished by the brightness of Christ's coming. The revelation of the Antichrist to the faithful, therefore, should signify, like a sign, the following judgment, by which the Antichrist, now manifested, will finally be abolished."

258: Quenstedt: Lutheran theologians erroneously defending "universal conversion of the Jews": A. Hunnius, Hafenreffer, Menzer, Balduin, Meisner. [Surprising to me. Luther opposed. Also Walther.]

259: Gerhard: "Christ will administer that judgment not only as God, but also as man."

262: "For Christ will judge, so that to each one He will render a clear testimony according to the works of faith or of unbelief (2 Cor. 5:10; cf. Rom. 2:6 ff.; Matt. 25:35, 36, 42, 43; Rev. 20:12, 13)."

263: Scherzer: "The standard of this judgment will be the law and the gospel in one word, but with a different and properly noted respect. The gospel indeed with respect to the elect... The law, however, with respect to the reprobate, but so that it is illuminated by the light of the gospel."

264: "After the judgment is completed, the consummation of the world will immediately follow, in which the heavens and the earth, …by means of fire, will perish.…time will end along with it"

On Sin in General:

268: "concupiscence, being evil by nature; vicious habits contracted by wrongdoing; and all acts that are contrary to the law are customarily and correctly called sins."

269: Balduin: "…synteresis is the faculty of the soul, which always opposes vices and immediately points out committed evils, and thus always desires to keep the soul immaculate from sin. … Synteresis can never err; conscience sometimes errs in its judgment."

270: Kromayer: "A pre-Mosaic Decalogue could easily have been constructed. The first commandment may be found in Gen. 12:1–16:7: 'I am the God who brought you out…' etc.

271: "Christ purged the old law of the corruptions of the Pharisees"

273: Brute animals "are plainly devoid of the faculty to know what the law commands and forbids."

274: Calvinists "nevertheless hold that God is altogether the author and efficient cause of sins."

275: "In the Scriptures, however, sin is taken in a much broader sense, as 1 John 3:4 is content to define sin by ἀνομία (lawlessness), without expressly mentioning the voluntary element."

275: "Zwingli and Calvin, in chap. 3 of Genesis, who deny original sin for the same reason, that it is involuntary."

277: "the paternal chastisements of the pious must be carefully distinguished from what are properly called punishments." [Parental disciplining defended. Likewise God's chastisements of His people.]

278: Luther: "The thief [on the cross] turns around and accuses himself and confesses his sins,…a completely different person is made of him, and his shameful death, which he well deserved, now becomes a service to God, so that from then on he suffers not as a murderer, but as a true saint"

On Original Sin:

282: Gerhard: "Death has passed upon all men, because all have sinned, i.e., because Adam, the parent of the human race, representing the person of all posterity who descend from him by carnal generation, sinned."

282: Zwingli: "'Original sin is not properly a sin, but only a disease and an effect of sin.'"

283: "so, deprived of that original righteousness, man is like a dead man [Eph. 2:1], a being destitute of all the powers necessary to elicit and exercise vital acts and motions within himself"

285: Formula of Concord [Trigl. p. 883]: "the more diligently they labor in this matter to investigate and comprehend these spiritual things with the keenness of their own reason, the less they understand and believe, and they consider all of it to be foolishness and mere nonsense and fables, until they are enlightened and taught by the Holy Spirit."

285: "…Phil. 2:13. For when both of these [to will and to accomplish spiritual things] are attributed to God entirely, and we are therefore commanded to work out our salvation with fear and trembling, it is certain that this is denied to our natural powers"

289: "See Rom. 5:12, where one man, Adam, is declared the cause of sin as the common parent of the entire human race and its root and active principle, since through him sin came into the world."

293: "the woman, seeing that the tree was desirable for understanding, took of the fruit, verse 6 [Gen. 3:6]. Thus, the woman's will more eagerly desired that apparent good, promised by Satan"

297: "we deny that in a man infected with original sin, before he is reborn, there are any powers of the intellect or will such that… the will can determine itself to the good in spiritual matters."

300: Quenstedt: "Antithesis: The Papists, especially the Jesuits. For thus they assert in the Council of Trent, Session VI, Chapter 1: ‘Free will (in unregenerate men) is by no means extinguished’"

300: Quenstedt: "Antithesis:…Lutheran synergists, who posit some synergeia, or cooperation of human forces with grace, in the work of conversion. . . The seeds of this synergistic error were sown quite prolifically by Philip Melanchthon in his various writings and books.…In the Loci Communes of Philipp Melanchthon… inserted into the body of doctrine the definition of free will, which Luther reproved in Erasmus as erroneous" 

304: Luther: "in reality, however, he [Adam] sank his teeth into a thorn, which was the prohibition of God and disobedience to God."

306: Augustine: "When a certain man had fallen into a well… another man came up, and seeing him, said in admiration, 'How did you fall in here?' But he replied, 'Please, think about how to get me out of here, not how I fell in.'…it is enough for us to know the way by which it [an infant] is saved, even if we never know how it fell into that evil."

In the next Part BWC2h we conclude our quotes and provide downloads for Volume 2.

BWC2f: Temporal Death; Resurrection of the Dead

      This continues from Part BWC2e in a series (Table of Contents in Part BWC1) presenting Walther's edition of Baier's Compendium of Positive Theology. —  From pages 223–250.

Notable Quotes: (Italics follow the original. All quotes not from Baier are from Walther's additions.)

Temporal Death:

223: Temporal death: "those things which, according to divine revelation, pertain to the end of this life and the entrance into the life or state that follows."

224: "death, which is the privation of the natural life of men, resulting from the separation of the soul and body."

224: Quenstedt: "the soul of the converted thief was with Christ in heaven, while his body remained on earth"

225: "Among the moral causes of death, the devil is to be counted first"

225: Meisner: "if death first proceeded from sin, it is not a consequence of nature as God created it, and so man was not created mortal from the beginning"

227: Satan "is rightly known as one who willed death"

228: "Natural cause of death is the radical consuming of moisture and the extinction of the native heat" [Age causes skin wrinkles, need for greater cold weather clothing, as I know from myself.]

230: "Christ, conceived by the Holy Spirit, was not subject to the necessity of death"

231: For believers "death is not a penalty…but an end of temporal misery and a transition to a better life"

231: Luther: "God, being angry, does not want to permit him [Adam] after the fall to return to that Tree [of Life], … Adam now had a better promise, that the seed of the woman [Christ] would crush the serpent's head, so that, although he was subject to bodily death, he might nevertheless retain the hope of immortality"

233: "the Papists, who…defend the invocation of saints. For thus the Council of Trent, Session 25:…'instruct the faithful concerning the invocation of the saints'"

235: Dannhauer: "Soul-sleep is a doctrine contrary to the sacred Scriptures"

236: Quenstedt: Souls kept in hidden repositories: "Roman pontiffs …, John XXII, …subscribed to and confirmed by decree, as the thing to be believed"

237: "purgatory, or the penal state of the faithful… not yet fully cleansed from sins in this life—should not be conceived as a middle state between life and damnation."

239: "The bodies of the deceased are to be committed to the earth with honor"

239: Quenstedt: "God Himself confirmed this custom of burying the dead, Deut. 34:6" [Against Cremation.]

240: "Beautifully Augustine: The earth did not cover many of the bodies of Christians,…which is filled by the presence of Him who knows from where to raise what He has created."

Resurrection of the Dead:

241: "Just as the human soul after death remains surviving, so also the body, which by death has been destroyed, will rise again and return to life"

242: "John XXIII, Pope of Rome, who, just as he denied the immortality of the soul, so also he denied the resurrection of the flesh"

242: "Resurrection consists in this: that the body, destroyed by death, is reproduced from the matter into which it was converted and is reunited to the soul"

245: "not only the pious and faithful, but also the impious and the infidels"]

245: "we do not exclude from this [resurrection] embryos that died in their mothers' wombs." [Abortion kills a human being.]

248: "They will also receive their sex, and all the parts or members they had in this life, not for the restoration of the old use, but for the integrity of the organic body"

In the next Part BWC2g…

BWC2e: Eternal Blessedness; Eternal Damnation

      This continues from Part BWC2d in a series (Table of Contents in Part BWC1) presenting Walther's edition of Baier's Compendium of Positive Theology. —  From pages 181–223.

Notable Quotes: (Italics follow the original. All quotes not from Baier are from Walther's additions.)

Eternal Blessedness:

181: "a more distinct knowledge of that blessedness and of the clear knowledge of God cannot be obtained by the guidance of the light of nature, but must be learned from divine revelation."

181: Augustine: "This principally distinguishes Christians from the error of the Gentiles, that they believe not only in this life, but also in the future one."

185: Gerhard: "those whom they [the blessed] know to be eternally cast away from the face of God will not in the least desire any help or consolation for them from an inordinate affection"

187: "But the chief object of charity is God."

187: "the will [of the blessed], being perfectly determined and holy to the love of God, will not be able to fall away from God, nor sin."

188: "so that the holiness will be greater than that which had been bestowed upon the first-formed [Adam and Eve]."

189: "all of it [the good that blessed do] is precisely referred by them to the glory of God."

191: "all the faculties of the soul and the body itself must be perfected, so that it may be the beatitude not of the soul only, but of the whole man."

191: Luther: "It is not called a spiritual body for the reason that he should not live corporally, nor have flesh and blood; otherwise it could not be called a true body."

195: Gerhard: "Sickness and old age destroy beauty. But in the eternal life, neither sickness nor old age will have a place."

197: "a certain inequality among the blessеd will be discerned, according as one has given more proofs of Christian virtues than another in this life.…there will be no envy of differing glory there, where the unity of charity will reign in all"

199: Antithesis: Gerhard: "1. Modern Jews conflate the joys of eternal life with corporeal pleasures, food, drink, sex, etc.… 2. Muhammad in the Qur'an …promises the blessed in paradise splendid palaces, royal feasts, dances, and embraces of virgins"

201: Gerhard: "Antithesis: 2. Some of the Papists grant salvation to certain Gentiles who lack true faith in Christ. . . 3. The same doctrine pleased some Calvinists."

Eternal Damnation: 

203: Damnation is not "a mere absence of blessedness, but contains positive adversities and torments and the keenest sense of evils."

204: Gerhard: "If the impious were not to fear a punishment more severe than annihilation, it would not have been better for them not to have been born."

205: "the bodies of the damned will be incorruptible, …[which will contribute] to the increase of their misery,"

206: "although to know God pertains to the perfection of man, yet to know Him in this way is not of perfection, but of the gravest misery."

206: "Accordingly on the part of the will there will arise … hatred of themselves, since they will be the cause of their own misery"

207: "Finding no way to escape their evil, they seek and desire to die, or to cease to be altogether, or to be utterly destroyed, Revelation 9:6." [Beyond horror! The real Hell.]

209: "It is also certain that this fire will not be a spiritual one (for a fire so called would not be literal), but a material and corporeal one." [Fire burns.]

211: Gerhard: "It is better…to be concerned about fleeing from the fire, than to argue hatefully and idly about the nature of that fire."

211: Hafenreffer: "What are those torments? They are the most exquisite pains of mind and body"

212: Gerhard: "The eyes will be tormented by the sight of demons, the ears by the shrieking and groaning of fellow sufferers, the sense of smell by an intolerable stench…" [Need I continue?]

214: Scherzer: "As for the infants of Christians who die without baptism, this remains: it is not the deprivation, but the contempt of the sacrament that damns."

216: Christ "is, indeed, the executor of divine judgment, using divine authority and power, who will effectively command the wicked, as if accursed, to depart from Him into eternal fire…Matt. 25:41"

217: Gerhard: "Although only unbelief is the formal and adequate cause of damnation, nevertheless, the remaining sins should not be excluded …because they are the fruit and effect of unbelief"

218: Luther: "a Christian, even if he wanted to, cannot lose his salvation even by the gravest sins, unless he refuses to believe"

220: Chrysostom: "Let us not seek where it [Hell] is, but how to escape it."

221: "the punishments of all the damned…will be eternal"

221: "Not that they are to be finally annihilated, but that, remaining in existence, they will suffer punishment."

In the next Part BWC2f, Temporal Death.